When diagnosed with skin cancer, patients often wonder about the next steps and who is best equipped to handle their treatment. A common and important question is whether dermatologists are qualified to perform the necessary surgical procedures. The short answer is yes, many dermatologists are extensively trained surgeons who specialize in procedures for skin cancer removal. In fact, the surgical management of skin cancer is a core component of the medical and surgical specialty known as dermatology.
The Surgical Role of a Dermatologist
Dermatology is a unique medical field that encompasses both medical and surgical expertise related to the skin, hair, and nails. Following medical school, dermatologists complete a rigorous residency program that includes comprehensive training in dermatologic surgery. This training prepares them to diagnose skin cancers through biopsies and to perform a wide range of surgical removals. According to industry data, dermatologists perform the vast majority of skin cancer surgeries in the United States, making them the primary specialists for these conditions.
Common Skin Cancer Surgeries Performed by Dermatologists
Dermatologists are skilled in several surgical techniques, chosen based on the type, size, location, and stage of the skin cancer. The goal is always to completely remove the cancer while preserving healthy tissue and achieving the best possible cosmetic outcome.
- Excisional Surgery: This is a standard procedure where the dermatologist uses a scalpel to cut out the entire tumor along with a surrounding margin of normal-appearing skin. The tissue is then sent to a lab to confirm that all cancerous cells have been removed.
- Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Performed by dermatologists who have completed additional fellowship training, Mohs surgery is a highly precise technique primarily used for certain basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and other cancers in cosmetically sensitive areas. The surgeon removes the visible cancer layer by layer, examining each layer under a microscope during the procedure until no cancer cells remain. Studies show this method offers the highest cure rates for eligible cancers while sparing the maximum amount of healthy tissue.
- Curettage and Electrodessication: This technique involves scraping away the cancer with a curette (a sharp, ring-shaped instrument) followed by using an electric needle to destroy any remaining cancer cells and control bleeding. It is often suitable for small, low-risk cancers.
- Cryosurgery: This involves destroying cancer cells by freezing them with liquid nitrogen. It is typically reserved for very early, superficial skin cancers and certain precancerous lesions.
When a Multidisciplinary Approach is Needed
While dermatologists are surgeons for most common skin cancers, there are situations where they collaborate with or refer patients to other surgical specialists. For instance, a very large, deep, or complex melanoma may require the expertise of a surgical oncologist or a plastic and reconstructive surgeon, especially if extensive reconstruction is needed. In such cases, the dermatologist remains a crucial part of the care team, providing the initial diagnosis and often coordinating ongoing skin surveillance.
The Importance of a Board-Certified Dermatologist
For anyone seeking treatment for skin cancer, consulting a board-certified dermatologist ensures care from a physician whose surgical training and expertise are specifically focused on the skin. They provide comprehensive care, from initial skin examination and biopsy to surgical treatment and long-term follow-up for recurrence prevention. The value of this continuity of care is supported by clinical guidelines and contributes to high treatment success rates.
If you have been diagnosed with or are concerned about skin cancer, the most important step is to seek a professional evaluation. A board-certified dermatologist can provide an accurate diagnosis, discuss all appropriate treatment options-including surgical procedures they can perform-and develop a personalized management plan tailored to your specific health needs.