Skin cancer surgery is a precise, medically guided procedure performed by board-certified dermatologists to remove malignant lesions while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. The approach depends on the type, size, and location of the skin cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Dermatologists follow established protocols to ensure both effective removal and optimal cosmetic outcomes.
The surgical procedure
The most common method for skin cancer removal is surgical excision, where the dermatologist numbs the area with a local anesthetic, then cuts out the tumor along with a small margin of healthy skin. The sample is sent to a pathology lab to confirm that all cancer cells have been removed. For certain cancers on delicate areas like the face, ears, or nose, Mohs micrographic surgery is often preferred. In Mohs, the dermatologist removes thin layers of tissue one at a time, examining each under a microscope until no cancer cells remain. Real data from studies indicate that Mohs surgery offers cure rates of up to 99% for certain basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
Less invasive options, such as cryotherapy or electrodessication and curettage, may be suitable for very superficial or low-risk skin cancers. However, for invasive or recurrent tumors, excision or Mohs remains the gold standard.
Recovery and wound care
Recovery from skin cancer surgery is typically straightforward. Patients can expect some swelling, redness, and mild discomfort, which can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers as recommended by their dermatologist. Most people return to work within a few days, though activities that stretch the wound should be avoided.
- Keep the area clean and dry: Follow your dermatologist's instructions on when and how to change the dressing. Avoid soaking the wound in water (e.g., swimming or baths) until healed.
- Monitor for signs of infection: While rare, contact your dermatologist if you experience increased pain, redness, warmth, or pus.
- Scar management: Once the wound is closed, your dermatologist may recommend silicone gel sheets or gentle massage to minimize scarring. Results vary based on individual healing factors.
- Sun protection is critical: The surgical site is especially vulnerable to UV damage. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) and wear protective clothing over the area for at least six months after healing.
Follow-up appointments
You will likely need a follow-up visit to check healing and discuss pathology results. Dermatologists also recommend regular skin exams every six to twelve months, as having one skin cancer increases the risk of developing another. Long-term surveillance, including self-exams, is a key part of recovery and prevention.
When to seek medical attention
Although complications are uncommon, seek immediate care if you experience heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever, or signs of allergic reaction to the anesthetic. For all other concerns, contact your dermatologist's office. This guidance is educational only; your individual treatment and recovery plan should be discussed with your board-certified dermatologist.